The AtHENS Study is being done to help researchers better understand how attention and ADHD symptoms may change from preschool through early school age. Researchers hope this information may help identify ADHD earlier and provide better support for children and families.

Your family may be eligible for this study if you meet the following criteria.

Inclusion Criteria:

• You have a child who is 3-4 years old
• Your child attends preschool or daycare on 2 or more days per week during the school year
• Your child has not been diagnosed with autism/ASD
• Your child was not premature/was born at or past 37 weeks
• You are the child’s biological or legal adoptive parent
• You are willing to travel to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania for 2 in-person visits

If you and your child participate:

• Your child will complete 2 in-person visits in the Pittsburgh area, about 2 years apart.
• During the visits, you and your child will complete activities such as watching a video, solving puzzles, and playing games while wearing head caps that measure brain activity.
• Your child will also complete assessments with study staff.
• You will complete surveys at each in-person visit and every 6 months between visits, for a total of 5 parent surveys over 2 years.
• At the 2-year visit, you will complete an interview with a clinician to determine whether your child meets criteria for ADHD.
• The study team will also conduct a phone interview as part of the screening process before participation.

Your family will receive compensation for participating in the study. Parking validation and/or reimbursement and bus fare will be reimbursed for participants who use public transportation. Families may also receive a snack and a prize for the child at the end of the visit.

There is no cost for your family to participate in our research study.