In this research study, we are trying to better understand how youth perceive internal signals from their bodies, such as their heartbeat. This ability, called interoception, may be related to mental and behavioral conditions like anxiety, OCD, and eating disorders. Researchers will measure interoception using questionnaires, computer tasks, and brain imaging.

The study will also explore whether activities such as mindfulness and relaxation exercises delivered through virtual reality can help improve interoceptive awareness in youth. By using neuroscience and behavioral assessments, researchers hope to better understand these processes and how they relate to youth mental health.

You may be eligible for this study if you meet the following criteria.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 12–17 years old
• Able to undergo an MRI (no braces or metal in/on the body, no severe claustrophobia)
• Able to attend four in-person study visits at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, MD

Exclusion Criteria:

• Medical or neurological conditions that prevent safe participation in an MRI
• Severe claustrophobia
• Any condition that would interfere with completing the study tasks, including computer or virtual reality exercises

The study lasts approximately 12 hours across four visits. Once enrolled, participation involves:

In the lab: Four in-person visits at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, MD. During these visits, youth will complete interviews and questionnaires about mental health, perform computer tasks to measure interoception and learning processes, and participate in an MRI scan. Some visits will also include virtual reality exercises focused on relaxation and mindfulness. Saliva samples may be collected during study visits to provide insight into interoception-related biomarkers.

As a participant,you/your family may receive up to $200 for completing all study visits, and parking will be validated for your convenience.

There is no cost for you to participate in our research study.