Researchers are studying whether buspirone, a medication approved to treat anxiety, may help reduce opioid withdrawal symptoms while people gradually reduce their opioid use under medical supervision. The study will compare buspirone with an FDA-approved medication used to treat opioid withdrawal symptoms and a placebo (a pill with no active medication) to better understand how each one works.

You may be eligible to participate if you:

• Are 18 to 75 years old
• Have used illicit opioids within the past 30 days
• Are not currently receiving treatment for opioid use disorder (such as methadone or buprenorphine) and are not enrolled in a formal treatment program
• Are willing to complete a 10-14 day inpatient stay at the University of Maryland Medical Center

A member of the research team will conduct a phone screening and additional in-person evaluations to determine if you qualify for the study.

If you are interested, here’s what participation may involve:

1. Phone Screening – Complete a brief phone interview to determine initial eligibility.
2. Screening Visit – Attend an in-person visit (approximately 3 hours) that includes:
   
   • Medical history and physical exam
   • Blood draw
   • EKG
   • Questionnaires about substance use and mental health
3. Residential Study Stay – If eligible, complete a 10-14-day inpatient stay at the University of Maryland Medical Center. During your stay:
   
   • You will receive a medically supervised opioid taper.
   • You will be randomly assigned to receive buspirone, lofexidine, or a placebo.
   • You will complete questionnaires and activities related to opioid withdrawal symptoms, cravings, anxiety, and stress.
4. Treatment Transition – After completing the taper, you will have the opportunity to begin treatment with buprenorphine/naloxone or naltrexone if appropriate.

There is no cost for you to participate in our research study. Study-related evaluations, transportation provided by the study (Lyft), and other study procedures are provided at no cost to eligible participants.