Researchers want to learn how cognitive flexibility (the mental processes that help you adapt your thoughts to new situations or information) differs between people with and without a history of mental illness, and whether it can be briefly changed using low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU), delivered with a non-invasive investigational device. This may help people with suicidal thoughts or other mental illnesses in the future.

You may be eligible for this study if you meet the following criteria.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Ages 18-65
• History of suicidal thoughts or behaviors in the past
• Live in Minnesota
• Have a smartphone
• Fluent in English
• Able to undergo an MRI (no non-removable metal in the body or claustrophobia)
• Willing to attend study visits at the Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain (MIDB) in Minneapolis

Exclusion Criteria:

• Currently experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviors
• Currently taking daily psychoactive medications (e.g., antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics)
• Psychiatric conditions other than depression or anxiety (e.g., bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, OCD, PTSD, borderline or antisocial personality disorder)

Screening Visit (In Person)

• Complete a safety screening questionnaire
• Have an MRI scan to confirm you meet all study eligibility

Baseline Assessment (Remote)

• Complete questionnaires, brain games, and interviews with the study team
• Learn to use the MetricWire app for short daily surveys on your smartphone

Pre-Visit (Remote)

• Complete 2 short surveys per day on your smartphone for 3 days before and after the research visit

2 Neuromodulation Visits (In Person)

• Play brain games with the LIFU device on and off
• Repeat the brain games during an MRI scan and an EEG scan

Follow-Up Visits

• Complete 3 days of short phone surveys, a brain game, and questionnaires
• Have a final safety screening and MRI scan at the last visit

During the study, you will be playing brain games before and after wearing a low-frequency focused ultrasound (LIFU) device. This non-invasive, investigational device delivers low-frequency sound waves (energy) to very specific areas of your brain.

Some parts of the study require the use of a smartphone. If you do not have your own smartphone, we can loan one for you to use.

If you agree to take part in this research study, we will pay you $60/ hr for in-person visits, and the amounts indicated below for your time and effort. This amount will be pro-rated, so if you withdraw or are removed from the study, we will compensate you for activities you have already completed. We will also pay a bonus for every week in which you complete over 70% of your EMA surveys. You may make up to a total of $725 dollars.

There is no cost for you to participate in our research study.