In this research study, we are trying to understand how motivation, reward responsiveness, and circadian rhythms develop in adolescents. We aim to better understand the interaction between reward systems and daily biological rhythms in teens who show high motivation and ambition.

Reward responsiveness is related to brain activity, behavior, and daily experiences, all of which we will measure. We also want to see whether we can predict changes in mood by studying these processes over time. To do this, we use neuroscience-guided assessments, including fMRI scans, behavioral tasks, ecological momentary assessments, and saliva sampling for melatonin, to examine how the brain’s reward and circadian systems function and interact.

You may be eligible for this study if you meet the following criteria.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Ages 13-16
• Experience extremely high motivation and/or ambition (e.g., actively pursuing goals, showing enthusiasm for challenges, engaging in activities with passion and dedication)
• Located in Philadelphia, PA
• No current psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions)
• No autism spectrum disorder
• No use of melatonin or photosensitizing medications
• No history of treatment with a bright light
• No shift work/have not traveled across multiple time zones in the past month
• Able to undergo MRI scan (no metal in the body, traumatic brain injury, pregnancy, or severe claustrophobia)

The entire study lasts 3 years. Once enrolled, the study involves:

In the Lab

• 2 study sessions happening 3 times (once per year)
• Session 1 is remote and includes self-report questionnaires, diagnostic interviews, and life event interviews
• Session 2 is in person and includes an fMRI scan, behavioral tasks, and training on how to complete saliva sampling for melatonin assays (6 hours) and at-home activities (7 days, see below)

From Home

• Between sessions, participants wear the Actiwatch continuously for 7 days and complete brief surveys 4 times per day to track mood, activities, and reward responsiveness
• At 3 time points (6 months after each yearly session), participants complete a single remote session with questionnaires, interviews, and life-event tracking

As a participant, you can receive up to $1,075 for your time and effort.

You will receive $925 for completing the entire 3-year study with a bonus of up to $150 for completing all components ($140 for completing 90%, etc.)

There is no cost for you to participate in our research study.