In this research study, we are trying to understand how opioid use disorder affects the brain’s reward and motivation systems. We aim to better understand how these brain systems influence cravings, treatment response, and recovery outcomes. Changes in the brain’s reward circuitry, as well as behavioral patterns and individual experiences, may contribute to how people respond to procedures, and we will measure all of these.

We also want to see whether we can improve recovery outcomes by using treatments like buprenorphine and rTMS, which target the brain’s reward system. To do this, we are using neuroscience to guide us, combining brain imaging, computer-based tasks, and targeted interventions to better understand and support recovery from opioid use disorder.

You may be eligible for this study if you meet the following criteria.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18 or older
• Diagnosed with moderate or severe opioid use disorder
• Starting or planning to start buprenorphine recovery
• Willing to complete brain scans, treatment sessions, and follow-up visits

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy or current breastfeeding
• History of or current psychotic disorder (e.g., schizophrenia)
• History of or current dementia or other cognitive impairment
• Active suicidal ideation or suicide attempt within the past 90 days
• Unstable general medical conditions
• Contraindications for MRI or rTMS (e.g., metal in body, severe claustrophobia)

The entire study lasts approximately 3–6 months. Once enrolled, the study involves:

In the lab:
3–4 visits where you’ll complete assessments related to opioid use, brain function, and treatment response. Each assessment includes an interview, questionnaires, computer tasks, and an MRI scan. The interviews may be audio and video recorded. Some visits also include blood draws to measure biological markers related to procedure response.

From home:
You’ll participate in app-based tracking, where we ask about your cravings, mood, and daily experiences. This includes short surveys several times per day on select days throughout the study. Each survey takes less than 5 minutes to complete. The app may also collect information from your phone to better understand patterns of behavior and activity, but it will not track who you communicate with.

As a participant, you may receive up to $2,850 for completing all study visits. Compensation includes payment for MRI scans, procedure sessions, and follow-up appointments. Transportation costs may also be reimbursed.

There is no cost for you to participate in our research study.